Moscow has four main airports handling both domestic and international traffic. The main international airport is Sheremetyevo-2, to the west of the city, although the more up to date Domodedovo airport is increasing its share of international flights.

There are direct connecting flights between Moscow and all main European capitals, many Asian cities and New York. There are also direct air routes between St Petersburg and many cities throughout Europe. Average flight times between London and Moscow/St Petersburg are around 3 and a half hours, and between New York and Moscow around 8 hours.

There are also regular rail services to Russia's main western cities from Helsinki, Warsaw, Prague, Berlin and Budapest, with connections to Paris, London and other cities. There are a number of ferry routes between Russia and Finland, Norway, Sweden, Germany and Turkey.

If foreigners wish to drive their own vehicle into Russia, it is necessary to obtain from customs a temporary permit to drive in Russia, and to purchase Russian insurance - there are insurance offices at most crossing points. There is a road tax payable on entry to the country.