Cuba – Buying Property

Can foreign nationals legally buy and own property in Cuba?

Decree-Law 288, introduced in 2011, opened the door for Cuban nationals and foreigners holding permanent residence to buy and sell homes between themselves. This reform was historically significant — prior to 2011, residential property transactions were simply illegal. The only mechanism available for changing one’s home was the permuta, a direct swap between two households that frequently involved concealed monetary payments to bridge the difference in value.

Foreigners who do not hold permanent residency are barred from entering Cuba’s residential property market, except where the state specifically grants an authorisation. This places Cuba firmly at the restrictive end of the global property ownership spectrum — a stark contrast to countries like Spain, Portugal, or Mexico, where non-residents face no such barriers to purchasing homes.

Cuba’s Foreign Investment Act of 2014 introduced a framework allowing international capital into the country’s real estate sector, including partial foreign ownership of property and associated rights for non-citizens. Non-resident foreigners seeking to acquire property must do so through one of three defined channels. When a transaction falls within one of these categories, foreign investment in real estate can proceed for either private residential use or purposes linked to the tourism industry.

In the early 1990s, the Cuban government permitted the construction of several condominium-style developments in Havana, and foreign nationals were allowed to purchase units in those buildings at that time. Owners of those properties can still sell them on to other non-resident foreigners. This limited pool of historically foreign-owned apartments constitutes one of the very few pathways through which non-residents may legally acquire property in Cuba today.

An individual may hold one primary residence and one holiday property, on condition that both are entered in the Property Registry. Properties situated in heritage zones, tourist areas, or locations deemed to be of strategic economic interest to the government face additional restrictions. Homes subject to active legal disputes or life estate arrangements cannot be sold until those matters are formally resolved.

For anyone subject to US jurisdiction, an additional and separate layer of restriction applies. The Cuba Assets Control Regulations (CACR) generally prohibit such individuals from purchasing or leasing property in Cuba without a specific licence from OFAC. US citizens and residents must consult the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) before taking any steps in this direction. Cuba’s property framework is administered nationally by the Registro de la Propiedad (Property Registry) and locally by the Dirección Municipal de la Vivienda (Municipal Housing Directorate).

What are average property prices in Cuba, and how do they vary by region?

An analysis of more than 10,000 classified advertisements published on the Revolico platform found the national average asking price for a Cuban property to be approximately USD $36,989. That figure, however, conceals enormous variation across provinces, cities, and individual neighbourhoods, and the lack of transparency in Cuba’s market means that advertised prices should be taken as rough indicators rather than firm benchmarks. For the most current figures, consult listings on platforms such as Revolico or Casas Oasis.

The provinces with the lowest average sale prices are Las Tunas ($17,437), Granma ($17,843), Mayabeque ($24,039), Isla de la Juventud ($24,906), and Guantánamo ($28,714). Average prices in Villa Clara, Artemisa, Camagüey, Holguín, and Pinar del Río fall in the band between $30,000 and $35,000.

Moving up the price scale, Havana averages $40,569, followed by Sancti Spíritus at $46,000, Cienfuegos at $54,000, Santiago de Cuba at $55,000, and Matanzas at $59,000. Ciego de Ávila leads all provinces with the highest average asking price, at $61,660.

The priciest locations tend to coincide with key tourism destinations: Morón in Ciego de Ávila; Varadero and Cárdenas in Matanzas; Viñales in Pinar del Río; Trinidad in Sancti Spíritus; and the central districts of Havana. Within the capital, prices range considerably: outer municipalities including Habana del Este ($24,900), Cotorro ($17,000), Regla ($16,000), and Guanabacoa ($24,000) offer lower price points, whereas Playa ($69,956) and Plaza de la Revolución ($55,600) command the highest. Most other Havana municipalities sit between $25,000 and $38,000.

It is worth bearing in mind that Cuba’s deepening economic crisis, accelerating currency devaluation, and the complexities inherent in its dual monetary system can cause peso-denominated prices to shift sharply against hard-currency equivalents. Exchange rates should be checked through reliable sources, and all figures treated as approximate.

Where are the most popular locations to buy property in Cuba?

Havana dominates Cuba’s property market by a wide margin. The neighbourhoods of Vedado, Miramar, and Playa are consistently the most desirable, combining distinctive mid-century architecture with proximity to the diplomatic quarter and a level of infrastructure that most other parts of the island cannot match. The majority of listings handled by established agencies are concentrated in these districts. A three-bedroom, two-bathroom apartment in Vedado or Playa typically carries an asking price of around $60,000, while standalone houses in those areas are frequently listed above $100,000.

Varadero, Cuba’s best-known beach destination on the Matanzas peninsula, draws interest from buyers seeking exposure to the international tourism market and its associated rental potential. The same restrictions on foreign ownership apply here as elsewhere, but the area’s tourism pull makes it a focal point for investment attention. The nearby town of Cárdenas offers more accessible pricing for those who want proximity to Varadero without paying resort-area premiums.

Trinidad, a UNESCO World Heritage colonial town in Sancti Spíritus province, has a strong following among buyers attracted by its well-preserved historic architecture and steady stream of international visitors. It is one of the most expensive locations in its province precisely because of its status as a major tourism hub.

Viñales, set among the dramatic limestone landscapes of Pinar del Río, has cultivated a reputation as a destination for rural and eco-tourism enthusiasts. The valley’s striking scenery and increasing visitor numbers have pushed property values above those found in much of the western island.

Santiago de Cuba, the country’s second-largest city, offers a distinctly different urban character — strongly Afro-Caribbean in culture, with a dynamic music scene. Its residential property market is more active than that of most provincial cities.

Are there any emerging or up-and-coming areas worth considering in Cuba?

Cienfuegos, on Cuba’s southern coastline, is gaining recognition as an alternative to pricier markets like Havana and Varadero. Its French colonial streetscapes and developing marina infrastructure give it a particular character, and it carries the nickname “the Pearl of the South.” Buyers interested in coastal living and sailing culture are increasingly looking here, drawn by price levels that remain a fraction of those in the capital.

Holguín province in the north-east, home to the beach resorts of Guardalavaca and Playa Pesquero, has seen growth driven by international tourism. While the resort areas themselves are largely inaccessible to private buyers, surrounding towns — including Holguín city and Gibara — offer more realistic entry points. Gibara, a modest colonial fishing port with a growing arts and cinema festival scene, has quietly been attracting the attention of culturally minded buyers looking for something off the beaten track.

Pinar del Río city, the administrative capital of Cuba’s westernmost province, is considerably more affordable than Viñales while still benefiting from its proximity to the Valley of Viñales and relatively straightforward road access to Havana, approximately two hours away. As development gradually extends along the western corridor, it may appeal to buyers who find better-known locations financially out of reach.

Cuba’s residential property market is currently experiencing a surge in interest from international investors responding to the country’s recent economic reforms. While established locations are seeing upward price pressure as a result, secondary cities and towns that have historically attracted little attention are also beginning to appear on buyers’ radar.

What are the current trends in the property market in Cuba?

The single most consequential recent development for buyers and sellers alike is Resolution 313/2024 issued by Cuba’s Ministry of Finance and Prices, which came into effect in October 2024 and multiplied by five the reference values used to calculate real estate taxes. Even where privately agreed sale prices between parties remain unchanged, this reform has dramatically expanded the tax base on which transaction costs are computed.

A potentially far-reaching legislative change is also on the horizon. A Draft Housing Law currently out for public consultation proposes a series of major reforms: ending the confiscation of property when a person emigrates permanently, raising the ownership limit to two urban properties plus one vacation home, and — most significantly — introducing mortgage financing for the first time. However, this legislation has not yet been adopted. Until the final law appears in the Official Gazette, existing rules — one urban property plus one holiday home — remain fully in force.

A clear upward trend in residential property prices is evident across the market. A combination of persistently constrained supply and growing demand from both Cuban residents and foreign buyers has driven asking prices steadily higher in recent years.

At the upper end of the market, demand for high-quality residential properties has been expanding alongside growth in tourism and foreign investment. Developers are responding with luxury condominium projects and villa developments aimed at affluent buyers, a segment that was virtually non-existent a decade ago.

Underlying all of this is Cuba’s profound and long-standing housing deficit. Decades of restricted private construction and chronic under-investment in the sector have left supply far behind demand. This structural imbalance keeps prices elevated relative to the local economy, though it does not confer the kind of investment security available in more transparent and legally predictable markets. Prospective buyers are advised to monitor the Gaceta Oficial de Cuba for all legislative developments.

Is buying property in Cuba a good investment?

Cuba’s property market defies easy comparison with other destinations, and the investment case requires careful examination. The island has undeniable appeal — remarkable architecture, a well-established tourism sector, a severe and persistent housing shortage, and the tantalising possibility of greater economic opening in the future. Set against this, the legal constraints on foreign ownership, the opacity of market pricing, entrenched economic instability, and the difficulty of exiting an investment create a risk profile that has no real equivalent in most other countries.

Private short-term accommodation — known locally as casas particulares — has historically generated income for property owners in popular locations such as Havana, Varadero, Trinidad, and Viñales. However, Cuba’s tourism sector has endured severe disruption in recent years as a result of economic crises, fuel scarcity, and the prolonged aftermath of the global pandemic. Rental income should not be assumed to be reliable, and yields are genuinely difficult to assess given the limited market transparency and ongoing currency volatility.

Currency risk deserves particular attention. Cuba’s monetary system has undergone repeated reforms, and the Cuban peso (CUP) has lost substantial ground against hard currencies. Property is typically priced and transacted informally in US dollars, but the mechanics of moving funds into and out of Cuba present real practical difficulties — especially for those subject to US sanctions regulations.

Growing international buyer interest has been a feature of the Cuban market in recent years, and some observers expect this trend to continue as awareness of potential returns increases. However, such optimism needs to be grounded in a clear-eyed appraisal of the regulatory environment and the genuine risks it creates.

Independent financial and legal advice is indispensable before committing any funds to a Cuban property purchase. The distinctive character of Cuba’s legal and economic system means that assumptions drawn from experience in other property markets may prove dangerously misleading.

What types of property are commonly available to buy in Cuba?

Cuba’s built environment reflects the successive architectural influences of its history — from elaborate colonial mansions to Soviet-era apartment blocks (edificios) and the sleek mid-century modernist villas of Havana’s wealthiest pre-revolutionary suburbs. The main categories of property you are likely to encounter on the market include:

• Apartments (apartamentos): The most frequently available type in urban settings, particularly throughout Havana. Units range from compact studios to spacious multi-room flats occupying floors in pre-revolutionary buildings. Properties in areas such as Vedado, Centro Habana, and Miramar often feature high ceilings, original tiled floors, and considerable architectural character, though most require meaningful renovation investment.
• Colonial townhouses (casas coloniales): Concentrated in the historic cores of cities including Trinidad, Cienfuegos, and parts of Old Havana. These properties can be atmospheric and full of character but frequently demand substantial expenditure to bring them to a habitable condition.
• Detached houses (casas independientes): More prevalent in suburban districts and smaller towns, spanning modest single-storey homes through to substantial villas in upmarket areas such as Miramar and Playa in Havana.
• Rural properties (fincas): Agricultural land and farmhouses exist within the market but are subject to additional layers of state control. Individual foreign ownership of agricultural land is heavily restricted and generally unavailable.
• Coastal properties: Homes near beaches — particularly around Varadero, Guardalavaca, and Playa Ancón — are highly sought-after, but access for foreign buyers is limited. Many coastal zones carry classifications that place them under government interest, restricting private transactions.

It is common in Cuba for sellers to include furniture and household appliances as part of the sale, which can represent meaningful added value for a buyer setting up a home or rental property from scratch.

What is the typical step-by-step process for buying property in Cuba?

In Cuba, procedures relating to the sale or legal regularisation of homes pass through three main institutional channels. The Municipal Housing Directorate handles authorisations and manages legalisation processes. A public notary formalises the contractual agreement between buyer and seller. Finally, the Property Registry validates and officially records the transaction, giving it full legal recognition.

Unlike the property purchase process in countries such as Australia or the UK — where a licensed conveyancer or solicitor manages the transaction from initial offer through to formal completion — in Cuba it is the notary (notario) who sits at the centre of every transaction. There is no equivalent of an organised estate agency network or a formal property listing service. Buyers typically work with a lawyer or notary public to locate available properties and negotiate terms directly.

1. Establish your eligibility: Confirm your legal immigration status in Cuba — whether you hold permanent residency or qualify under one of the limited exceptions available to foreign buyers. If you intend to purchase through the tourism investment route or via the 1990s-era condominium stock, clarify the applicable legal pathway with a qualified lawyer before taking any further steps.
2. Find a property: Search listings on platforms such as Revolico, Casas Oasis, or through specialist agencies like Espacio Cuba. Given the absence of a formal multiple listing service, personal contacts and word of mouth remain important sources. A lawyer or trusted local intermediary can be invaluable in identifying suitable properties.
3. Agree a price and terms: Negotiate the purchase price and any items to be included in the sale — furniture and appliances are commonly part of the deal — directly with the seller. There is no formal reservation agreement or standardised deposit mechanism as found in markets such as Spain or France; terms are reached verbally and subsequently given legal form by the notary.
4. Verify the title and legal status: Before making any commitment, it is essential to confirm that the property is free of litigation and correctly registered with the Property Registry. Obtain a certificación registral (land registry certificate) confirming who owns the property and that it carries no encumbrances.
5. Check for debts and outstanding obligations: Any bank debt attached to the property must be cleared by the seller before the sale can go ahead. Confirm in writing that utility bills and outstanding taxes have been fully settled.
6. Attend the notary: Every property sale must be formally executed before a notary public. The notary verifies the seller’s title, confirms there are no liens or outstanding litigation, and prepares the deed of sale. No legal transfer of ownership can occur without a notarised deed. Both buyer and seller must attend in person, or be represented through a properly executed power of attorney.
7. Make payment: The buyer receives a payment instrument — typically a cheque — which must be handed to the seller in the presence of the notary at the time the deed is executed. Always ensure that any payment is accompanied by proper legal documentation describing its purpose.
8. Pay taxes: Both parties bear tax obligations arising from the transaction. The buyer is liable for transfer tax; the seller pays income tax. The transfer levy is set at 4% of the agreed reference value of the property and must be paid by each party within 30 days of completion. Note that Resolution 313/2024, effective October 2024, multiplied the reference values used to compute this tax by five, substantially increasing the tax burden even where the agreed sale price itself has not changed.
9. Register the property: The executed deed must be lodged with the Land Registry to become legally valid. Without registration, the buyer’s ability to exercise full property rights — or to carry out future transactions such as sales, inheritances, or donations — will be compromised.

Do I need a lawyer to buy property in Cuba, and how do I find a reputable one?

Engaging a lawyer is not a strict legal requirement, but it is strongly advisable — particularly for buyers approaching the process from outside Cuba or making their first purchase on the island. What the law does require without exception is the involvement of a notary public; no property transfer has legal effect without a notarised deed. An independent lawyer acts as an additional layer of protection, helping to verify documents, navigate Cuba’s immigration and property regulations, and represent your interests throughout the process.

Given the complexity of Cuba’s legal framework — and the genuine dangers of acquiring a property burdened with defective title, hidden debts, or unresolved litigation — appointing an independent Cuban lawyer with demonstrated experience in property transactions is a sound investment for any foreign buyer. Your lawyer can conduct title searches, prepare a power of attorney if you are unable to be present in person, check for encumbrances, and advise on the full tax implications of your purchase.

To identify a registered attorney, you can approach the National Union of Jurists of Cuba (UNJC — Unión Nacional de Juristas de Cuba), which is the principal professional body for Cuban lawyers. As of the time of writing, their website can be found at www.unjc.co.cu, though you should verify current contact details directly with the organisation as these may change. Because the number of licensed private legal practitioners in Cuba is limited, allow yourself adequate time to identify and retain a qualified lawyer well before beginning the buying process. Legal fees vary depending on the nature and complexity of the transaction, the lawyer’s level of experience, and the location of the property; always agree on fees in writing before formally engaging anyone.

What are the most common pitfalls and problems expats encounter when buying property in Cuba?

Frequent errors include acquiring properties with incomplete or defective documentation, purchasing without proper Land Registry registration, making payments without adequate legal backing, relying on unlicensed informal intermediaries, and failing to uncover debts — including unpaid utilities and taxes — that are attached to the property. The following covers the key risks in more detail:

• Title defects: Cuba’s history of property nationalisation, confiscation, and state redistribution means that disputes over title are far more common than in the vast majority of other property markets. Always commission a full registry search and have a lawyer trace the chain of ownership back through the records before committing to any purchase.
• Purchasing in someone else’s name: It is not uncommon for foreigners on temporary residence visas to register property in the name of a Cuban relative — including a spouse or child — to circumvent ownership restrictions. This arrangement affords the foreign buyer virtually no legal control over the asset. If the relationship deteriorates, the Cuban national has legal entitlement to retain the property, leaving the foreign party with little or no recourse.
• Unlicensed intermediaries: Formal estate agents are scarce in Cuba, and even those who assist with property transactions may have little accurate knowledge of prevailing market prices. Always verify the credentials of any intermediary and seek personal referrals from trusted sources before engaging anyone to assist with a deal.
• Undisclosed debts: Properties can carry unpaid utility bills, outstanding taxes, or bank debts that may pass to the new owner. Insist on written confirmation that all financial obligations linked to the property have been fully discharged before signing anything.
• Currency and transfer risks: Moving funds into Cuba is complicated by international sanctions, the limited availability of banking correspondent relationships, and the informal nature of many transactions. Never transfer money without thorough legal documentation of the purpose, and seek specialist financial advice on the practical mechanics of any transfer.
• Regulatory changes: Cuba’s property laws and regulations are subject to change, and a transaction that is entirely above board under today’s rules could be affected by future legislative shifts. Regularly consult the Gaceta Oficial de Cuba to stay informed of any developments.
• Properties in restricted zones: Coastal areas, border zones, heritage sites, and properties in the vicinity of military or government installations may carry restrictions that only come to light during the purchase process. Always verify the zoning and legal status of a property before entering into negotiations.

Can I buy property in Cuba through a company, and is it worth doing?

Cuba’s Foreign Investment Act of 2014 opened the door to at least partial foreign ownership of real estate for non-citizens, with one permitted route being participation in a formally recognised joint venture or other approved foreign investment vehicle.

All foreign direct investment in Cuban real estate is subject to government approval, channelled through the Ministerio del Comercio Exterior e Inversión Extranjera (MINCEX) — the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment. Joint ventures and internationally structured investment vehicles can, in principle, hold real estate interests, particularly where the underlying purpose is tourism development or another commercially endorsed activity.

A corporate structure can offer certain advantages: a cleaner legal framework for holding assets, potentially more straightforward resale or ownership transfer, and in some circumstances better access to revenue streams associated with tourism activity. The drawbacks are, however, significant. The approval process for foreign investment in Cuba is protracted, opaque, and by no means guaranteed. Ongoing compliance obligations are considerable, and the political and economic environment creates real uncertainty about the durability and enforceability of any corporate arrangements over time.

Anyone considering a corporate route to acquiring Cuban property should take independent legal and tax advice from a specialist in Cuban investment law before proceeding. Where US persons, US-dollar transactions, or US-connected entities are involved, specific OFAC legal counsel is essential.

What taxes and ongoing costs should I budget for when owning property in Cuba?

In practice, the total taxes and fees borne by a buyer typically amount to between 5% and 8% of the actual value of the property, depending on its location and the notary involved (as of 2024–2025). The main costs are set out below:

Resolution 313/2024 from the Ministry of Finance and Prices, operative from October 2024, raised the reference values used to calculate property taxes fivefold. The practical consequence is that while the price agreed between buyer and seller can be whatever the parties decide, all tax calculations are applied to a minimum reference value that is now substantially higher than it was. This represents a fundamental shift from the pre-2024 regime and has considerably increased the total cost of completing a transaction for both sides.

Cuba does not have a functioning residential mortgage market. Unlike countries in North America, where buyers typically access financing through lending institutions, in Cuba purchases can only be funded using money held in a Cuban bank account. Every purchase is therefore effectively a cash transaction, which eliminates the ongoing expense of mortgage repayments but requires the buyer to have the full purchase price available before proceeding.

For current and authoritative tax rates, consult Cuba’s national tax authority, the Oficina Nacional de Administración Tributaria (ONAT), accessible through the Ministry of Finance and Prices website at www.mfp.gob.cu.

What are the official sources I should consult when buying property in Cuba?

Given how frequently Cuba’s property laws evolve and how much depends on getting the legal framework right, consulting authoritative official sources is not optional — it is essential. The key bodies and reference points for foreign property buyers are as follows:

• Registro de la Propiedad (Property Registry): The body responsible for confirming land ownership, encumbrances, and the validity of title. Local offices operate in every municipality. Current contact details can be sought through the Ministry of Justice website: www.minjus.gob.cu
• Dirección Municipal de la Vivienda (Municipal Housing Directorate): Responsible for issuing authorisations and overseeing housing market activity at the local level.
• Ministerio del Comercio Exterior e Inversión Extranjera (MINCEX): The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment, which reviews and approves foreign investment proposals including those involving real estate. Website: www.mincex.gob.cu
• Oficina Nacional de Administración Tributaria (ONAT) / Ministerio de Finanzas y Precios (MFP): Cuba’s national tax authority and Ministry of Finance and Prices, which set and administer property transfer taxes and annual property taxes. Website: www.mfp.gob.cu
• Gaceta Oficial de Cuba: The government’s official gazette, where all new legislation, ministerial resolutions, and regulatory changes are formally published. Monitoring this source is the only reliable way to stay ahead of changes to property law. Website: www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu
• Unión Nacional de Juristas de Cuba (UNJC): The National Union of Jurists of Cuba, the professional association representing Cuban lawyers. Contact through: www.unjc.co.cu
• US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) — for US persons only: The US Treasury body that regulates what individuals and entities subject to US jurisdiction may do in relation to Cuban real estate. Website: ofac.treasury.gov

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a non-resident foreigner buy property in Cuba?

Foreigners who do not hold permanent residency in Cuba are not permitted to enter the open residential property market, except where the state grants specific authorisation. In practice, the residential market is effectively closed to non-residents. The principal exceptions are acquisition through formally approved foreign investment channels, or purchasing one of the small number of apartments in condominium developments that were sold to foreign nationals during the 1990s.

Do US citizens face additional restrictions when buying property in Cuba?

Yes. The Cuba Assets Control Regulations (CACR) generally prohibit anyone subject to US jurisdiction from purchasing or leasing real property in Cuba without a specific licence from OFAC. Both US citizens and permanent US residents must consult OFAC and engage a specialist sanctions lawyer before taking any steps towards a property acquisition in Cuba.

Is a notary required for every property transaction in Cuba?

Yes, without exception. Every property sale must be executed before a notary public, who verifies the seller’s title, confirms the absence of liens or unresolved litigation, and draws up the deed of sale. No transfer of ownership has any legal standing without a notarised deed — this requirement cannot be waived or substituted, unlike in some other legal systems where a solicitor or conveyancer fulfils an equivalent function.

How many properties can one person own in Cuba?

Under current rules, each individual may own one primary urban residence and one vacation property, provided both are duly registered with the Property Registry. This cap applies equally to Cuban nationals and to foreign residents with property rights in Cuba. A Draft Housing Law currently under public discussion proposes raising this limit, but no legislative change has yet come into force.

How does Cuba’s property transfer tax work after the 2024 reform?

Resolution 313/2024 from the Ministry of Finance and Prices, which took effect in October 2024, quintupled the reference values used to calculate property taxes. While the price actually paid to the seller is whatever the two parties agree, the applicable tax is computed against a minimum reference value that is now substantially higher than before. Both the buyer and the seller pay 4% of this reference value. Total transaction costs for buyers typically range from 5% to 8% of the actual agreed price.

Can I buy Cuban property in the name of a Cuban family member or spouse?

While it is a known practice for foreigners on temporary residence visas to register property under the name of a Cuban relative — including a spouse or child — this approach leaves the foreign buyer with virtually no legal control over the asset. Should the relationship break down, the Cuban national retains legal title, and the foreign party has extremely limited avenues for recovering their investment. This arrangement carries significant legal and personal risk and is not recommended.

Are mortgages available to property buyers in Cuba?

There is currently no functioning mortgage market for private residential buyers in Cuba. Purchases must be funded entirely from a Cuban bank account, making every transaction a cash purchase in practice. A Draft Housing Law under discussion as of 2026 proposes introducing mortgage financing for the first time in Cuba’s modern history, but this reform has not yet been enacted into law.

Where can I search for property listings in Cuba?

The most widely consulted platforms for Cuban property listings are Revolico, the island’s largest classifieds website, and specialist portals such as Casas Oasis. Established agencies including Espacio Cuba (espaciocuba.com) also publish listings, with a particular focus on Havana. Because formal estate agency networks are extremely limited in Cuba, available listings are fragmented and may not accurately reflect real market conditions. Always verify details with a qualified local lawyer before proceeding.