Bermuda – Health Risks, Inoculations, Vaccinations, and Health Certificates

What are the specific health risks in Bermuda?

Bermuda is a prosperous territory where poverty and unemployment are low. Its subtropical climate means it escapes many of the health risks associated with fully tropical destinations. That said, it is not entirely without hazard, and anyone planning to live there should understand the most relevant risks before they arrive.

Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean, and while it is not technically in the Caribbean, it is often associated with the region. Expats moving from other parts of the world are sometimes concerned about health risks given the island’s climate. In practice, the risks are considerably lower than in many comparable locations.

Life expectancy at birth in Bermuda in 2024 was 82.5 years, higher than the average for the Region of the Americas. This reflects a well-functioning public health system and a relatively healthy population, both encouraging signs for prospective expats.

Are there mosquito-borne or vector-borne disease risks?

Bugs such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas can spread a number of diseases in Bermuda. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine, so reducing your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites is important.

Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which mainly feed during daytime hours. It causes a flu-like illness, which can occasionally develop into a more serious life-threatening condition. Severe dengue is rare in travellers. The mosquitoes that spread dengue are more common in towns, cities and surrounding areas. There is a recognised risk of dengue in Bermuda.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito — the primary carrier of Zika — is not present in Bermuda. However, Aedes albopictus is present on the island and has the potential to transmit Zika. The Department of Health’s Vector Control Programme monitors the mosquito population and removes mosquito-breeding sites to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

According to the CDC’s Zika travel information, Bermuda is classified as an area with no mosquitoes that commonly spread Zika. There have been no cases of Zika virus confirmed in Bermuda, though the Government of Bermuda continues to monitor the situation closely.

There is a risk of chikungunya in Bermuda. The virus is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito and can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

There are bats in Bermuda, and they are known to sometimes carry rabies. For most residents, there is no real risk of an encounter; however, if you expect to spend time in caves or around bats, you should speak to your doctor about vaccination. Bat lyssaviruses can be transmitted to humans following contact with the saliva of an infected bat, most often through a bite. The disease can also be transmitted if the saliva of an infected bat enters open wounds or mucous membranes.

What about sun exposure, heat, and marine hazards?

Heat-related illness, such as heat stroke, can be deadly. It is important to eat and drink regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity during high temperatures. Bermuda’s summers are warm and humid, making heat awareness especially important for those arriving from cooler climates.

When outdoors for extended periods, protect yourself from UV radiation by using sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade during the hottest part of the day, which is typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

The Portuguese Man O’ War is a hazard that residents spending time at the beach need to be aware of. This creature is venomous, painful, and dangerous, and can sometimes be seen floating on the water or washed up on a beach. Jellyfish and Portuguese Man O’ War sightings are more common in warmer months, so always check beach conditions before entering the water.

Summer allergies such as hay fever are generally not a significant problem in Bermuda, as the sea breeze tends to carry pollen off the island. This is a notable contrast to many mainland locations where seasonal allergies can be a significant health burden.

What about food, water, and other environmental health risks?

Contaminated food is generally not a problem in Bermuda, and the water supply is quite safe, meaning waterborne diseases are not typically a concern. Houses in Bermuda typically harvest rainwater, and during the cooler, wetter months, this provides an abundant supply of fresh water.

Hotels and other establishments often chlorinate their harvested water, but most households use their water without treatment and without issues. During drier months, there may be water shortages, and many residents purchase water from delivery companies — reliable and safe, but potentially expensive and inconvenient.

Cases of typhoid and food poisoning are not entirely unheard of, so a normal, reasonable amount of caution is advisable — avoid eating or drinking at places where you have genuine concerns about hygiene standards.

In 2022, there were 2 new cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population in Bermuda. In the same year, the estimated HIV infection incidence rate was 4.6 per 100,000 population. While these figures are low, they are worth noting for those making longer-term plans and for healthcare planning.

Pollution is not a major problem in Bermuda, though there have been some concerns about the pollution of local ponds and beaches. These are primarily long-term environmental issues; in general, air and water quality on the island is good.

Are vaccinations or health certificates required to enter Bermuda?

There are no certificate requirements under International Health Regulations for entry into Bermuda. This means that, unlike some destinations — particularly in parts of Africa and South America where yellow fever vaccination certificates may be mandatory — Bermuda does not require you to present proof of any vaccination at the border.

There is no risk of yellow fever in Bermuda, and proof of vaccination is not required to enter the territory. Similarly, there are no malaria prevention requirements, as malaria is not present on the island.

For entry by air or yacht, effective November 2022, travel authorisations are no longer required for visitors arriving in Bermuda. Visitors arriving by air or yacht must complete the Bermuda Arrival Card, a digital form. Cruise visitors are not required to complete any entry form.

Medical services and facilities in Bermuda are good but very expensive. There is one full-service public hospital serving the territory. There are also several health clinics across the territory that provide routine treatments. Medical facilities require immediate cash payment for medical treatment. This makes comprehensive health insurance essential for all residents and long-term visitors.

Which vaccinations are recommended for Bermuda?

While no vaccinations are legally required, several are strongly recommended by international health authorities. Routine vaccinations are essential due to a persistent global rise in vaccine-preventable diseases. Before travelling or relocating, you should be up to date with the age-appropriate and risk-based routine vaccinations recommended in your home country.

The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Bermuda: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, COVID-19, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), and MMR (measles, mumps and rubella). Not all of these will be relevant to every individual — your personal health history and planned activities will determine which are most applicable.

As of May 2025, measles cases are rising in many countries around the world. All international travellers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the MMR vaccine, according to CDC recommendations for international travel. This is especially important to check before relocating.

Depending on your itinerary, personal risk factors, and the length of your visit, your healthcare provider may recommend vaccination against chikungunya, dengue, rabies, or typhoid fever. Those who will be spending time outdoors, working with animals, or living in more rural parts of the island should pay particular attention to these considerations.

Travellers and those relocating should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional at least four to six weeks before travel. Even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile, as it provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account destination, medical history, and planned activities.

The following table summarises key vaccine recommendations for Bermuda:

Where can I get reliable health advice for Bermuda?

Getting authoritative, up-to-date health information is essential before and after relocating. Below are the most trusted sources for health guidance relating to Bermuda.

Government of Bermuda — Department of Health

The official source for public health information on the island. The Bermuda Government directs the public to its health website for scientifically supported and official information. The Department of Health’s Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (ESU) monitors disease risks and coordinates with Vector Control on mosquito-borne illness prevention.

• Website: www.gov.bm/department/health
• Health portal: health.gov.bm
• ESU contact for vector-borne disease reports: +1 (441) 278-6503

UK Health Security Agency — Travel Health Pro (NaTHNaC)

Travellers should check the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) country-specific travel advice page, which provides information on entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice. The NaTHNaC Travel Health Pro site, run by the UK Health Security Agency, provides detailed, regularly updated advice on vaccinations and health risks by destination.

• Travel Health Pro — Bermuda: travelhealthpro.org.uk/country/28/bermuda
• FCDO Travel Advice — Bermuda: www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bermuda

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The CDC recommends checking the vaccines and medicines list and visiting your doctor at least a month before travel to get any vaccines or medicines you may need. The CDC’s dedicated Bermuda travel health page is one of the most comprehensive and frequently updated resources available.

• CDC Bermuda Traveler Health: wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/bermuda

Government of Canada — Travel Advice for Bermuda

It is best to talk to a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably six weeks before your trip to get personalised health advice. Even if your travel date is coming up soon, an appointment is still worthwhile. Canada’s official travel health advice page for Bermuda covers vaccinations, safety, and medical facilities.

• Government of Canada — Bermuda: travel.gc.ca/destinations/bermuda

World Health Organization (WHO) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

These international bodies provide regional health data, outbreak alerts, and immunisation guidance that inform local Bermuda health policy. The Bermuda Ministry of Health works in alignment with WHO, PAHO, and CDC guidance on disease prevention and control.

• WHO: www.who.int
• PAHO: www.paho.org

King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (KEMH)

Bermuda has one Accident and Emergency hospital — King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (KEMH) — located in Hamilton, owned and operated by the government. For medical care on the island, this is the primary facility for emergency and specialist treatment.

• KEMH: www.bermudahospitals.bm

Frequently asked questions

Do I need any vaccinations to enter Bermuda?

There are no certificate requirements under International Health Regulations for entry into Bermuda. No vaccination proof is required at the border. However, several vaccines are recommended by international health bodies for your own protection, including routine immunisations such as MMR, tetanus, and hepatitis A and B.

Is malaria a risk in Bermuda?

No. Malaria is not present in Bermuda, and no anti-malarial medication is required or recommended. This is one area where Bermuda compares favourably to many other subtropical and tropical destinations around the world.

Is Zika virus a risk in Bermuda?

The Aedes aegypti mosquito — the primary carrier of Zika — is not present in Bermuda. However, Aedes albopictus, which has some potential to transmit Zika, is present on the island. There have been no cases of Zika virus confirmed in Bermuda. Pregnant women or those planning a pregnancy should still consult their doctor before travelling to the broader region.

Is dengue fever a concern in Bermuda?

There is a risk of dengue in Bermuda. Travellers and residents should avoid mosquito bites, particularly during daytime hours, when the mosquitoes that spread dengue are most active. Using insect repellent and wearing long-sleeved clothing are the most effective preventive measures.

Is the tap water in Bermuda safe to drink?

The water supply in Bermuda is generally safe. Houses typically harvest rainwater, providing an abundant supply during the cooler months. Hotels and other establishments often chlorinate their harvested water, while most households use their water without treatment and without problems.

Do I need travel health insurance for Bermuda?

Medical services and facilities in Bermuda are good but very expensive. Medical facilities require immediate cash payment for treatment. Medical evacuation to the United States may be required in the event of serious illness or injury. It is essential to get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Are there rabies risks in Bermuda?

There are bats in Bermuda that are known to sometimes carry rabies. For most residents, there is no real risk of an encounter; however, those who expect to spend time in caves or around bats should speak to a doctor about getting vaccinated. Following any possible bat exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.

Where should I go for health advice before relocating to Bermuda?

The best starting points are the Bermuda Government’s health portal, the UK’s Travel Health Pro, and the CDC’s Bermuda travel health page. Arranging an appointment with a health professional at least four to six weeks before relocation is ideal, as it provides an opportunity to assess risks based on your destination, medical history, and planned activities.