Oman – Animal Welfare and Cultural Issues

What are the general attitudes toward pets and animals in Oman?

Animals occupy a meaningful place in Omani society, featuring prominently in traditional pursuits such as falconry and camel racing. Far from being mere hobbies, these activities are interwoven with national identity and cultural heritage, reflecting a longstanding recognition of animals as working companions and symbols of pride.

Within Oman, animals command considerable respect in many quarters. Traditional animal-related activities are popular and deeply rooted, and a significant number of Omanis regard animals as companions in their own right rather than simply as possessions or tools. At the same time, practical and economic perspectives on animals remain common, particularly in contexts where they serve functional roles. This duality mirrors a broader pattern across the Gulf, where symbolic and working roles for animals coexist alongside the modern rise of companion animal keeping.

The concept of pets as household family members — so entrenched in much of Northern Europe and North America — is still developing in Oman. That said, cat and dog ownership is becoming more widespread, particularly in cities, and it is not unusual to see dog walkers in Muscat’s parks or to come across pet-friendly cafés. Urban residents, including a substantial expat population, are driving much of this cultural shift.

Muscat is where this transformation is most evident, with a growing number of pet shops, veterinary practices, and dedicated online communities serving animal owners. Outside the capital, however, traditional attitudes tend to dominate. In rural areas, animals are more frequently kept for herding, guarding, or hunting rather than companionship, and the supporting infrastructure — shops, clinics, groomers — is far less developed. Expats relocating beyond urban centres should prepare for a more conservative environment and considerably fewer services.

What laws and regulations govern pet ownership in Oman?

Any pet brought into a public space in Oman must wear a collar and hold a valid licence issued by the relevant veterinary authority within the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources. Muscat Municipality has published specific guidelines for pet owners regarding conduct in shared public spaces, reflecting concerns about public hygiene and the comfort of other users.

Owners are required to clean up after their animals in public areas. Failure to comply — whether through lack of a licence, absence of a collar, or neglecting to remove waste — carries a fine of OMR 50 (as of 2022). In persistent or serious cases, the Municipality may involve the Royal Oman Police.

All dogs must be registered with the relevant municipality, and their vaccinations must remain current. Puppies should receive their first vaccinations at six weeks of age, with annual boosters thereafter. Sterilisation of cats and dogs is widely recommended to prevent roaming, though it is not a legal requirement. This contrasts with countries like Germany, where dog registration is compulsory at a national level and tied to a dedicated tax; in Oman, registration operates at the municipal tier, meaning specific requirements and processes may vary between governorates.

The Environment Authority issued Decision 150/2024, introducing the Regulation Governing the Possession of Domesticated Wild Animals. This sets out the rules for owning and transporting domesticated wild species such as gazelles and oryxes. Any person wishing to keep such animals must obtain a licence from the Environment Authority, which requires payment of a fee and is valid for a renewable two-year period. This licence is available only to Omani nationals and Omani-registered companies.

Housing is a practical concern for pet owners in Oman, as a significant proportion of rental properties — particularly apartments and newer developments — prohibit pets. Always discuss the matter with a landlord or property manager before committing to a tenancy agreement, and obtain any consent in writing prior to signing the lease.

For current registration fees, licensing procedures, and updates on breed regulations, contact the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources and your local municipality directly, as requirements and fees are subject to change.

Are there animal welfare laws in Oman, and how are they enforced?

Oman enacted its Animal Welfare Law through Royal Decree 21/2017, a substantive piece of legislation that places defined responsibilities on everyone who owns or cares for animals within the sultanate. Article 2 of the law imposes a broad duty on owners and custodians to take all reasonable steps to prevent harm, suffering, or injury to animals in their care, and specifically requires that animals be provided with appropriate accommodation and living conditions.

The legislation specifies that owners must furnish their animals with sufficient food, water, and shelter, as well as access to necessary veterinary treatment. The mistreatment of animals is explicitly prohibited, as is the use of animals in fighting or as entertainment. Activities that force animals to act against their natural instincts — such as their use in circuses or bullfights — are classed as violations under the law. The Ministry is empowered to issue decisions relating to animal welfare matters, including imposing penalties for neglect, inadequate nutrition, or abandoning animals without providing for their basic needs.

Anyone found in violation of the Animal Welfare Law may face imprisonment of up to one month and/or a fine of up to OMR 500 (as of the 2017 legislation). Primary responsibility for issuing and enforcing welfare-related ministerial decisions rests with the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, while wildlife legislation falls under the jurisdiction of the Environment Authority.

In practice, enforcement remains inconsistent — a challenge familiar to many countries in the region where legislation has outpaced the development of enforcement capacity. This stands in contrast to nations such as the Netherlands or the United Kingdom, where dedicated animal welfare inspectorates and well-resourced NGOs proactively monitor compliance. Oman’s enforcement has tended to be reactive. However, recent institutional developments — including the founding of a national animal welfare association — indicate movement in a more positive direction. For the most up-to-date information on enforcement and legislation, consult the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources.

What animal welfare charities and rescue organisations operate in Oman?

The organised animal welfare sector in Oman has expanded noticeably in recent years, encompassing both formally constituted bodies and grassroots community networks providing assistance to animals in need.

The Oman Animal Welfare Association was established by ministerial decision in 2025. Its objectives include promoting the humane treatment and rehabilitation of injured animals, and fostering understanding of animal needs within Omani society through education and training in schools and among those employed in animal care. As the first officially sanctioned national animal welfare association in the sultanate, this represents a landmark development for the sector.

A number of local and internationally affiliated organisations work across Oman to rescue stray animals, deliver veterinary assistance, and coordinate adoptions. Among these, Oman Animal Rescue & Care (OARC) and Omani Paws are particularly active, undertaking rescue, neutering, and rehoming efforts. Both organisations maintain a strong social media presence and serve as excellent first contacts for expats seeking to adopt a rescue animal.

The Omani Society for the Protection of Animals and Plants (OSPA) is one of the country’s principal animal charities. It works to raise awareness of animal welfare concerns, offers rescue and rehabilitation support to animals in distress, and advocates for improvements to the legislative framework governing animal welfare in Oman.

The Animal Rescue Centre of Oman (ARCO) was created with the goal of advancing animal welfare standards in the country. ARCO has transitioned its rehoming and fostering activities to an informal network of individuals who provide a support system for abandoned, stray, and injured animals in the Muscat area. The Facebook page “Animal Adoption and Fostering – Oman” is a useful resource for those wishing to donate, volunteer, or learn more.

In many neighbourhoods, residents take it upon themselves to care for stray animals — particularly cats — by establishing feeding stations. Expats can support local welfare efforts through donations, volunteering, or participation in outreach programmes. Where possible, adopting a stray rather than purchasing an animal from a breeder is strongly encouraged; rescue organisations regularly hold adoption events to facilitate this.

What should expats know about bringing a pet into Oman?

Relocating a pet to Oman is a multi-stage process that demands careful advance planning, ideally beginning several months before travel. Requirements are set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources and administered through the Directorate General of Customs. Always confirm the latest requirements directly with the Oman Customs Authority before departure, as rules are subject to revision.

1. Check breed restrictions: The following breeds are not permitted entry: Pitbull, Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro, Dogo Argentino, Japanese Tosa, Rottweiler, Doberman Pinscher, Presa Canaria, Boxer, Boerboel, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Anatolian Karabash, Great Dane, or any mixed breed derived from the above. Verify that this list has not been updated before initiating the import process.
2. Confirm your pet meets the minimum age: Dogs and cats must be over four months of age. Note that the Oman Airports website states six months — confirm the current official requirement with the customs authority prior to travel.
3. Vaccinate against rabies: Your pet must be immunised against rabies after reaching 12 weeks of age, and no more than 12 months must have elapsed since the immunisation date at the time of import.
4. Complete a rabies titer test: All cats and dogs entering Oman from any country must present acceptable results from a rabies titer test. The test must be carried out by a licensed veterinarian in the country of origin at least 3 months before arrival. Results are valid for 12 months.
5. Obtain an import permit: The owner or their appointed agent must secure an import permit from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Animal Health Department. This can be applied for online or in person. The permit is valid for one month from the date of issue and costs OMR 20 (as of 2024 — confirm the current fee at customs.gov.om).
6. Get an international health certificate: A government veterinarian must either issue or endorse this certificate following assessment by a licensed vet. This official must represent the authority in the country of origin responsible for overseeing the import and export of live animals.
7. Arrange entry through an approved point: Pets must arrive in Oman via designated entry points, such as Muscat International Airport. Register your cat or dog with the Quarantine Bureau at Muscat International Airport or at Veterinary Quarantine in Rusayl upon arrival.
8. Prepare for a health inspection on arrival: Omani customs and veterinary officials will inspect your pet on arrival, reviewing the animal’s health status, documentation, and compliance with all import regulations. Provided all requirements are met, quarantine is not required. If any requirements are unmet, however, the authorities may detain the animal in quarantine for up to six months or refuse entry entirely.

Given the complexity of the customs clearance process, it is strongly advisable to engage a local agent with experience in pet importation. Many veterinary clinics in Muscat offer relocation support and are well versed in the full documentation requirements.

Where can expats buy pet food, supplies, and veterinary care in Oman?

The availability of pet supplies in Oman has improved markedly, especially in urban centres, where dedicated pet shops now stock a broad range of food, accessories, toys, and grooming products. Notable retailers include Petland, a chain with multiple branches across Oman offering food, equipment, and grooming services, and Pet’s Delight, which operates several locations with a wide product selection.

Muscat now has a reasonably varied pet retail scene. Animal World in the Al Araimi Complex is regarded by many as one of the better options in terms of animal welfare standards on the premises. International pet food brands — including well-known European and North American lines — are generally accessible at Muscat’s larger pet stores and hypermarkets, though the selection is narrower than in major Western cities and prices are typically higher owing to import costs.

Veterinary services in Oman are concentrated primarily in major cities, with Muscat offering the widest range. Clinics across the capital provide vaccinations, surgical procedures, dental treatment, general health consultations, and grooming. Many also sell pet food and accessories. Established practices in Muscat include Al Qurum Veterinary Clinic, with branches in Qurum and Azaiba, and Sama Veterinary Clinic, offering services ranging from X-ray diagnostics to boarding and travel preparation. Capital Veterinary Centre (vetoman.com) in Ruwi is another reliable option, with particular expertise in pet travel and relocation assistance.

Veterinary clinics in Oman are regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources and are expected to maintain defined standards of care and hygiene. Although the total number of practising veterinarians in Muscat is not large, the quality of care available is generally adequate for routine and specialist needs. Most clinics also offer boarding facilities and can help with the administrative aspects of bringing a pet to Oman or relocating one abroad.

Beyond the capital, veterinary provision drops off considerably. Expats based in rural areas or smaller towns should factor in the likelihood of needing to travel to Muscat or another major centre — such as Salalah or Sohar — for anything beyond basic care, including emergencies.

For those with limited access to physical stores, regional online platforms such as Amazon.ae deliver to Oman and carry a solid range of pet food, health products, and accessories, providing a practical alternative for expats in less well-served locations.

Are there cultural taboos, sensitivities, or religious considerations around specific animals in Oman?

As a Muslim-majority nation, Oman’s cultural attitudes toward certain animals are shaped in part by Islamic tradition. This is most directly relevant for dog owners, who should understand the social context before moving to the country.

A widespread misconception holds that Islam instructs Muslims to dislike dogs. In fact, the Quran explicitly forbids the mistreatment of all animals, including dogs, and the issue is rooted in cultural convention rather than religious doctrine. Nonetheless, dogs are not traditionally embraced as beloved household companions across much of Arab culture, and this extends to Oman. In practical terms, dog ownership is entirely lawful and increasingly common, but it is reasonable to expect that some neighbours or passers-by may feel uneasy around dogs — particularly larger breeds or those off the lead.

Many people’s only prior experience of dogs may have been with feral animals, which can be threatening in their behaviour. Dog owners are advised to ensure their animals are well trained and well behaved, and to keep them on a lead whenever outside the home. It is particularly important to avoid bringing dogs near mosques, traditional souqs, or anywhere that prayer or religious observance takes place.

Cats, by contrast, enjoy a warm place in Islamic tradition. The Prophet Muhammad is widely cited as having been especially fond of cats, and this cultural warmth is reflected in everyday life across Oman. Community cats — fed and loosely watched over by neighbourhood residents — are a common and generally well-regarded sight. Cats kept as household pets attract none of the social sensitivity associated with dogs.

Falconry and camel racing are central to Oman’s cultural identity, and camels in particular carry deep symbolic weight — appearing on the national coat of arms and featuring in major heritage festivals. Any lack of respect toward these animals would be regarded as highly offensive. The Arabian oryx, Oman’s national animal, is a protected species, and any interaction with captive or wild oryxes must be conducted carefully and in full compliance with the law.

Pigs and pork are haram (forbidden) in Islam. While pork products are available in some supermarkets for non-Muslim residents, keeping pigs as pets or livestock is not permitted in Oman. Expats should bear this in mind when discussing animals in social or professional settings.

What is the situation regarding stray or feral animals in Oman?

Stray cats are a highly visible feature of Omani towns and cities, frequently in poor physical condition, and are found across both urban and residential areas. Stray dogs are also present, though less prevalent than cats. The management of stray animal populations has historically been inconsistent, with municipalities periodically conducting round-ups — sometimes without prior notice to residents.

Because such operations can occur without advance warning, it is essential for all pet owners in Oman to ensure their animals wear collars at all times so they are not mistakenly collected as strays. This is fundamental advice for any dog or cat owner in the country.

Organisations including Oman Animal Rescue & Care (OARC) and Omani Paws are actively engaged in rescuing, neutering, and rehoming stray animals. Some residents supplement these efforts by establishing informal feeding points for cats in their communities. Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programmes are operational in certain areas, though coverage remains limited relative to the scale of the stray population.

Oman is not classified as a rabies-free country, which means caution is warranted around any stray animal. Both dogs and cats can carry rabies. If you or a family member is bitten by a stray animal, go immediately to the Accident and Emergency department at Khoula Hospital in Al Wattayah, as only government hospitals are stocked with the rabies vaccine.

Anyone who decides to adopt a stray should have the animal vaccinated, dewormed, and treated for parasites before introducing it into the home or exposing it to other pets. Expats are encouraged to consult the Oman Ministry of Health and the WHO Oman country office for current public health guidance on rabies and other zoonotic disease risks.

Frequently asked questions

Can I bring any breed of dog to Oman?

No. A number of breeds are barred from entry, including Pitbull, Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro, Dogo Argentino, Japanese Tosa, Rottweiler, Doberman Pinscher, Presa Canaria, Boxer, Boerboel, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Anatolian Karabash, Great Dane, and any mixed breed of the above. Always confirm that this list remains unchanged with the Oman Customs Authority before making travel arrangements.

Do I need to microchip my pet before bringing it to Oman?

The documentation required for importing a pet includes proof of microchip (strongly recommended), rabies vaccination records, an import permit, rabies titer test results, and an international export health certificate. Although microchipping is not explicitly mandated by law for entry purposes, it is the most reliable means of ensuring your pet can be identified and reunited with you if lost. Verify the current official requirement with the Customs Authority before travelling.

How do I register my pet once I arrive in Oman?

Pets that will be taken into public spaces must be licensed through the competent veterinary authority of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources. Registration is administered at the municipal level — contact Muscat Municipality or the relevant authority in your governorate for the current procedure and applicable fees. Many veterinary clinics are able to assist with the registration process.

Is it safe to let my children interact with stray cats or dogs in Oman?

Oman is not a rabies-free country, so precautions are necessary. If a child or adult is bitten by a stray animal, seek medical attention immediately at a government hospital — Khoula Hospital in Al Wattayah is the recommended facility, as only government hospitals hold rabies vaccine supplies. Children should be advised not to approach or feed stray animals without supervision from an adult.

Are there good veterinary services in Oman outside of Muscat?

The majority of veterinary clinics in Oman are located in major cities, with Muscat offering by far the broadest range of services. Outside the capital, provision is considerably more limited. Expats relocating to rural governorates or smaller towns should plan for the possibility of having to travel to Muscat or a larger urban centre — such as Salalah or Sohar — for specialist care. Research the nearest clinic to your intended location well before you move.

Can I walk my dog freely in public spaces in Oman?

Muscat Municipality has published guidelines governing the behaviour of pet owners in public spaces, reflecting concerns about the comfort and safety of other users. Dogs must be kept on a lead at all times, must wear a collar, and must be licenced when in public. Particular sensitivity is required near mosques, playgrounds, and areas used for prayer. Ensure your dog is well behaved and under control whenever outside the home.

What should I do if I witness animal cruelty in Oman?

Muscat Municipality conducts field inspections and public awareness campaigns and encourages citizens and residents to report suspected cruelty by calling the Muscat Call Centre on 1111 or via the municipality’s social media channels. Concerns can also be directed to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources. Animal welfare organisations including Omani Paws and OARC are active on social media and can provide guidance on how to report cases of abuse or neglect.

Where can I adopt a rescue pet in Oman?

Several local animal welfare organisations in Oman facilitate pet adoptions, most notably Oman Animal Rescue & Care (OARC) and Omani Paws, both of which are involved in rescuing, neutering, and rehoming stray animals on an ongoing basis. Adoption events are periodically organised to connect animals with suitable homes. Both organisations are readily found on Facebook and Instagram, where they post regular updates on animals awaiting adoption.