Poland – Retail and Consumer Issues

Poland boasts a thriving retail environment characterised by a dominant discount supermarket scene, near-universal acceptance of card and contactless payments, and solid consumer protections rooted in both EU directives and Polish domestic legislation. Under a trading restriction introduced in 2018,

Portugal – Retail and Consumer Issues

Portugal boasts a mature and varied retail landscape, encompassing major supermarket chains, large shopping centres, and characterful independent local businesses. Unlike several other European nations, Sunday trading restrictions are largely absent, allowing shoppers considerable flexibility throughout the week. Contactless and

Peru – Retail and Consumer Issues

Peru’s retail landscape is diverse and increasingly sophisticated, ranging from vast shopping centres in Lima to bustling traditional markets. While cash continues to play a significant role, digital wallets and card-based payments are gaining ground at a remarkable pace. Consumers

Oman – Retail and Consumer Issues

Oman’s retail scene strikes a compelling balance between the charm of age-old souqs and the convenience of climate-controlled shopping centres. Contactless and card-based payments are now firmly embedded in everyday commerce, and shoppers benefit from a consumer protection framework backed

Morocco – Retail and Consumer Issues

Morocco’s retail scene is a fascinating mix of age-old open-air souks and neighbourhood corner shops — known locally as hanouts — sitting alongside a rapidly expanding network of modern supermarkets, shopping centres, and online platforms. While cash continues to dominate